The migration of people to cities

The migration of people to cities is one the biggest problems facing the world's cities today. Discuss the main causes. What solutions could be used to tackle the situation? Nowadays, the issue of urbanization is more frequently discussed than ever before due to its increasing impacts on lives and on the environment. Most people will not argue the fact that living in a city is easier overall than living in the country. Despite that fact, many generations have lived in rural settings by choice over the decades. The pursuit ofa better standard of living, education and higher health care are the main causes of migration to urban areas.Many people hope that if they move to live in a big city they will find higher-paying Jobs. However, mass migration to cities causes greater competition for Jobs and this lead to underemployment. Others want their children to get better education and often high-ranked schools or universities with well-trained teachers are in the city. Moreover, the expansi on of cities often leads to environmental problems, such as pollution. To solve the migration problems there are a number of solutions. One of the possible answers is to improve the quality of life in the countryside. Government could invest in building medical facilities and schools.Media can also be used to promote a healthy and stress free life in the countryside. Another way to attract people to stay in rural areas is creating more employment opportunities. By doing this, many people will choose to stay in the countryside. To conclude, because of urbanization the raw beauty of rural life is fading into oblivion. Convincing people to live in the countryside might seem as a difficult task, but if for once we escape the dullness of the city and discover the stunning places, hidden in the forgotten parts of our country we might Just realize what we are missing. 285 words 30 minutes

Public vs Private Schooling

As American support for the public education system dwindles, many parents find the only place for their children to receive a quality education is in a private school. The areas that are most important to a private school are also the ones that seem to be lacking in public schools. These include safety, order, teaching the basics and challenging young minds. Across the nation, public education systems continue to fail students, therefore many have chosen, like myself, to attend private Catholic high schools to receive an education that will better prepare them for college. Overcrowded public high schools have been dealt with the problems of insufficient funding, large class sizes, students who simply refuse to learn and are disruptive. Due to an increase in violent acts committed, many public high schools have instituted low level security measures to ensure the safety of students. The types of security found in these schools include closed campuses, controlled access to the school building and grounds, random drug and metal detector, banning certain types of clothing, and either full or part time security guards have been assigned. How can students be expected to learn and teachers educate in an environment like this Through personal experience I have found out that it is almost impossible to focus on learning in an atmosphere that is forced to emphasize personal safety rather than education. My first eight years of education were spent at area public schools in and around Chicago, IL. During this time I witnessed approximately 100 fights, 3 teachers being assaulted by students and numerous drug and weapons arrests. Many of these acts were merely boyish fights and left no lasting impression. One incident that has scarred me for life was when a student came to school with a five-inch knife and proceeded to stab an administrator in front of approximately seventy students, myself included. I simply stood there not knowing what to do, too shocked to blink, too terrified to move. The victim recovered fully and the perpetrator, who at the time was fifteen, is now in jail. Is this the atmosphere that children should be placed in to receive the fundamental elements of education that will prepare them for high school and eventually college There is enough concern about the quality of education in public schools that many private schools have been bombarded with applications in recent years. This is the case with my alma mater, Saint Marys High School. Run by the Archdiocese of Chicago, it is a small, coeducational, Catholic school located in downtown Chicago, IL. With a graduating class of less than 150, Saint Marys fosters a college curriculum with small controlled classes and an emphasis on personal, intellectual and religious growth all in a morally sound environment unlike anything found in public schools. The problems facing many public schools are non-existent at most private schools. They have no need to institute security measures because discipline is not a problem. Students know that the school board can expel anyone that hinders learning in the classroom. Disruptive and violent actions are taken seriously and are not tolerated under any circumstance. At Saint Marys there are various types of honors courses designed for students that have specific interest in a particular subject. There is also a program set up for students to receive not only tutoring but instruction from Midshipmen attending the United States Naval Academy, located only a few blocks from the high school. This type of program not found in any public or private school is one that places Saint Marys on a far superior level. For those who choose not to take any honors courses there is a challenging curriculum that places students in small classes therefore making learning a very personal experience between teacher and student. I found the most intriguing part of attending Saint Marys was the emphasis they placed on religion. From the classroom to the athletic field students know that they are representing not only there family but Saint Marys High School and the whole Archdiocese of Chicago. The mandatory religion classes taught were not focused on right and wrong but how to improve your own personal view of life. They challenged us to Walk in the shadow of God and learn from His teachings. Students at Saint Marys are committed to serving the community and those in need, not to enhance a resume but because they truly want to. Private schools across the nation have fewer disciplinary problems than public schools because they can be selective in whom they choose to accept into there institute. Those who apply truly want to learn and are willing to spend thousands of dollars a year to ensure that they receive the best education possible. With that money they dont expect to have to fear for their safety, or fear that they will not learn anything in class because one person is disruptive. Altogether receiving a private Catholic education not only prepared me for college but also ensured that I will be a more mature and well-rounded individual throughout my life.

Fire Safety Managment and Legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Fire Safety Managment and Legislation - Essay Example This essay describes different services offered by the centre, and states that an expansion and enlargement of the centre are needed. The researcher discusses that the centre’s management decided to have a new building with a common hall, a room with a stage, a chapel, several offices, a room for the youth, a pantry or a kitchen, a storage or utility room, and rest rooms and other facilities needed for the clients. With all these factors being considered, the building code requirements for fire safety are included. A fire safety strategy is needed to give satisfaction to the functional requirement of the building. With the plan provided, the fire safety measures must have the adequacy of means to prevent fire. There is also the provision for smoke control and control of rate of fire growth. The adequacy of the structure to resist the effect of the fire, the degree of fire compartment, the fire separation between buildings or part of buildings. The standard of active measures f or fire extinguishment and control, the facilities to assist the fire service, training of staff in fire safety and fire routines, the continued control under other legislation to maintain and test fires safety measures and management of fire safety. Internal fire spread as well as external fire spread control limitation is into a great consideration. In understanding the nature of service installations from the builder’s perspective, the importance of building services must be identified together with the methods used for fire protection. Building Regulations and Legislation The building regulations 2000, Approved Document B is the guidance on how to meet the building regulation on fire safety. This means that the building must allow adequate means of escape in the event of a fire. The ultimate concern of the Document B is the protection of the building occupants and not the building itself. Generally, fire safety requirements includes the following which are to be implemented in the construction of the new building. Means of Detection and Warning in case of Fire The means of detection and warning in case of fire includes the installation for fire appliances and assistance to the fire service such as fire extinguishers which are to be installed at places of relevance. Sprinklers must be set in strategic places. Hose reels are also needed, and must be placed in a location that is reachable to everybody. A fire alarm is a must to give early warning to the occupants in case of fire in the building. A design for compartmentation of the building is necessary to avoid the fast spread of fire. In section B1 of the approved Document B, smoke alarms should be positioned in places where fire is most likely to start. The most probable locations for the smoke alarms would be the kitchen and the oil

Discussion Question Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Discussion Question - Coursework Example The recording is done at lower of the production costs, purchasing cost of the value of the market of the organization’s inventory. The assertion that lower cost method is a form or example of the principle of conservatism means that the method is a form or an approach of risk averse. The method uses two boundaries which enable the investors to identify the cost and profit attained in the inventory. The method enables the investors to trace the loss or the item which brings about loss in the inventory (Maynard 32). The service life of an asset is defined as the period of time in which an asset remains in use or is able to be used for the process of production. The asset may have different owners during the service life. In estimating the service life of an asset and activity based depression an organization can use different estimates like, industry practices, judgmental estimate, engineering estimates, statistical methods and past experience. Depreciation expenses is declared and calculated each year using accounting methods. The expenses lowers the balance sheet value, creates a tax saving and lowers the reported income of an organization. After the end of depression life, the asset is regarded to be fully expensed or fully depreciated (Maynard

What I Learned from Getting Knocked Around by Steve Macone Essay

What I Learned from Getting Knocked Around by Steve Macone - Essay Example Reducing a conflict into bits of a puzzle allows the parties understand it more and construct a conclusion from such a conflict. As such it requires the reader to ask themselves exactly what the arguments are and how the arguments are put together in the conflict. Steve Macone’s piece â€Å"What I learned from getting knocked around† alludes heavily to his profile history and background. The subject and thesis is curved from an almost too popular topic of football a game that is not just a national sport but a source of entertainment for many across the globe. It is a symbol for society and common uniting factor for most audiences. This makes it an even broader thesis and serves to offer a wide background for the interplay of conflict and the presentation of ideas. He presents the subject with a resounding naivity and allows the piece to grow the subject from ground zero letting us through a trip into the world of football. The subject is discussed in the simplicity of the occurrence of the events from a naà ¯ve and unfamiliar perspective leaving out the specific expert details and rules. It is an innocent bystanders approach and explanation of football that gives an account of what football is all about. The purpose of the article falls back to the authors profile and history as an entertainer and comedian. He is in a strict sense and with regard to his accomplishments a crowd pleaser and therefore consciously or subconsciously reaches out to the audience beyond the normal impressive facts about football to the exciting and thrilling experiences of a player. This has the effect of growing multiple intentions and creating mixed reactions on the true purpose of the article. From a conscious stand one would draw a critique of the safety and actual rationale of the game beyond the impressive running and locking of horns between players. he introduces the piece with a rather fragile platform of argument â€Å"I’d known there was hitting in football but

Principles of Accounting SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Principles of Accounting SLP - Essay Example At the same time, the consistent communication will enlighten the employees on their effect of choices on the company’s future and on their future. Opportunities for misstatement and fraud exist upon every line item on balance sheet and income statement. Therefore, the finance managers should able to identify the ‘red flags’ and ask the right kind of questions. (Mabry, 2007) The two components of a balance sheet and/or income statement can be used as a â€Å"red flag† to alert of potential fraudulent activity are An in-depth analysis of the ratios of the financial statements can be used to detect the fraudulent activities of the company. A change in ratio over a period of time or over one year should be rational and logical that can be explained properly. Any unusual ratio jump or fluctuations or extreme deviations from the industry average that cannot be explained rationally need to be investigated. This is how the analysis of ratios can be used as a method of fraud detection. (Harrington, 2005) Mabry, B. and Toivonen, S. (2007) "Detecting Financial Statement Fraud: What Every Corporate Manager Needs to Know - Oil & Gas Financial Journal." Oil & Gas Financial Journal- Coverage of Oil and Gas Markets, Companies and Stocks.. Web. 26 Mar. 2011. . Harrington, C. (2005) "Association of Certified Fraud Examiners." Association of Certified Fraud Examiners - Fraud Training & Education. Web. 26 Mar. 2011.

The Palestinian-Israeli Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Palestinian-Israeli - Research Paper Example In his UPI report, Richard Sales describes the events leading up to Israel’s declaration of Hamas as a terrorist organization. In June, 2002, Hamas took credit for a suicide blast in Jerusalem that killed 19 Israelis and wounded 70. The Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas, took credit. Before this event Hamas played a very different role in the politics between Israel and the Palestinians. After it, Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon declared it a terrorist organization, "the deadliest terrorist group that we have ever had to face." The history of this shift is politically intriguing. According to Sales, several current and former U.S. intelligence officials say that in the late 1970s Tel Aviv gave direct and indirect financial aid to Hamas as a more friendly group to counterbalance the generally hostel Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). The move attempted to divide support for the PLO, a secular group, by using Hamas, a more socially and religiously oriented organization—an identity that would change over time. Hamas evolved from cells of the Muslim Brotherhood, founded in Egypt in 1928. After the 1967 Six Day War, it became the cornerstone of the social, religious, educational and cultural infrastructure, called Da'wah, that worked to ease the hardship of Palestinian refugees. Hamas’s influence eventually grew to be political, with strong religious Islamic tones and ties favorable to groups which wanted to set up an Islamic state much like Iran’s.

Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Essay

Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship - Essay Example The work at hand provides the detailed discussion showing the point that P&G together with its concerned brand Olay is on the right path towards the idea of initiating entrepreneurship through its innovative strategy. To understand this further, the proponent subdivided this article into two general parts, the brief idea linked to innovation and competitive advantage, and the five elemental requirements for successful innovation as the basis of P&G together with its brand Olay for doing entrepreneurship from the standpoint of innovation. Innovation and competitive advantage Innovation is a fundamental component in entrepreneurship that leads us to understand what are the necessary actions that a company or organisation should perform in order to make a difference and obtain competitive advantage. From the past, the market for Olay started to decline and people began to call it as â€Å"Oil for old lady.† This is something bad for the image of the brand and it will further lead to the decline of its sales. For this matter, Olay started to expand to diversified product lines, which is part of strategic renewal and even expand internationally, a remarkable point of corporate venturing. The onset of technology and scientific advancement brings forward the opportunity for Olay to formulate further highly innovative anti-aging skin care products. However, financial constraints led the brand once again to a constant declining market share. It is likely that Olay aims at present to increase its market share and doing so requires innovation and productivity enhancement. These according to them will help them lure their customers back to their brands. At this point in time, we can say that Olay is under the strong powerful force of influence of what entrepreneurship is all about. Generally, the brand underwent creative strategic renewal, innovation and corporate venturing. However, at present it is remarkable that the timeliest activity is for the brand to go for innovation and lure the customers back to its highly diversified offerings with a significant promise of anti-ageing treatments for skin for more fast and visible results. Clearly, there is a strong inclusion of the need for Olay to go for high market acceptance because of its declining sales in the midst of challenging and tough financial times. The ultimate solution would be to go for innovation, which is the primary move of consideration of MacDonald, the latest CEO. Here where diversification of brands that will meet the needs of the customers sets in. This primarily would involve the point of the inclusion of obtaining competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is a remarkable point of every organisation or entrepreneur aiming to be at the cutting edge of the competition, standing far above the other competitors in a specific market niche or segment. At some point, it is implied that Olay aims to be the leading brand in anti-ageing market for skin care. Without question, this eventually would lead to obtaining competitive advantage, in order to achieve the brand that is far a cut above the other. A primary reason why there is a need to innovate product or service offering is to obtain competitive advantage (Robinson, 2009; Hasell et al., 2003; Lowe & Marriott, 2012). In today’

French secularism and the ban of religious symbols in public places Essay

French secularism and the ban of religious symbols in public places - Essay Example The French law does not particularly mention the religious symbol, but most people are of the opinion that the law was targeting the veil worn by Muslim women. The law seemed to have stemmed from a controversial occurrence that happened in 1989 and 1994; in 1989, three female students were expelled from schools for declining to remove their hijabs (veil). In 1994, the minister in charge decreed that that ostentatious symbols’ were to be banned in public schools around the country, but discreet symbols were to be allowed to the discretion of the school or the teacher in charge. The Muslims in France France has the largest number of Muslims in Europe, the population of Muslims in the country stand at about 5 to 6 million, representing approximately 8.3% of the French population (Lenze, 2013). Majority of the Islamic population in France are moderate, but there are fundamentalist, the headscarf worn by Muslim schoolgirls is a symbol of the Islamic religion and culture and it is w oven into the Muslim society all over the globe. Researchers have often enquired into the reasons for the lack of integration into the entire French society, and the reasons why the emerging generations are drifting towards fundamentalist Islam. Writers have often pondered on the reasons why the community cannot be integrated into the French secular society (Sarat, 2011). The Secular State France is founded on the principle of cuius regio eius regio this means that what the leader believes so should the subjects, even though the state disowns religious adherence (Herb and Kaplan, 2008).   Religion is very important to the secular state, although the state has the ultimate power to interpret the significance of certain signs and symbols. This particularly implied that the veil worn by Muslim women and girls was taken to be a religious sign, this being in contradiction to the secular principles of the French society. It has often been stated by Muslim clerics that the wearing of the headscarf by women in public places is a religious duty (Valsiner and Rosa, 2007).   The wearer of the veil assumes the obligation bestowed upon her by the Islamic faith , and in addition the state should realize the fundamental human right, that if a person’s conscience compels one to wear the veil they should be allowed only to the extent that they do not violate other people’s right. The law on the on the other hand merely depict the veils as symbols and signs without determining the reasons why Muslim women wear them. The principle of a secular state may have an implied meaning that reflects on a state that is not bounded by any religious belief but it allows her citizens to assume any they deem fit. However, the law banning of wearing scarves in public places seemed to be intoned on forcing the citizens of the French republics to be secular (Jones, 2011).  This perception was cemented by a top European court ruling after a case was brought before it pitting t wo French Muslim girls versus the state (D W, 2008). According to the law, secularism does not contend on the religion being restricted to the secrecy of integrity, to its being deprived of public views ( Graff, 2004). It merely implies that only the free expression of the religious signs is a major component of the liberty. Therefore, a fundamental question that arises is that in any secular state such the one in

Essay from filipino author Essay Example for Free

Essay from filipino author Essay Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Grease cookie sheets. 3. In a medium bowl, cream the shortening and sugar until smooth. Add the egg, and vanilla; mix until fluffy. Stir in the pumpkin. Sift together the flour, baking soda, salt, pumpkin pie spice, and cinnamon; stir into the pumpkin mixture. Finally, stir in the raisins and walnuts. 4. Drop cookie dough by heaping spoonful onto the prepared cookie sheets. Bake for 10 to 12 minutes in the preheated oven, cookies should be light brown around the edges. Brush with the spice glaze, and transfer to racks to cool. 5. To make the spice glaze, mix confectioners sugar with 2 tablespoons of warm water until there are no more lumps. Stir in the 1/2 teaspoon of cinnamon. If the glaze is too thick, add a little more water. Oatmeal Raisins Cookies Ingredients 3 eggs, beaten 1 cup raisins 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 1 cup butter 1 cup white sugar 2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon 2 teaspoons baking soda 1 cup chopped pecans 2cupsrolledoats Procedures 1. Combine eggs, vanilla and raisins in a small bowl; cover and let stand for 1 hour. 2. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). 3. In a large bowl, cream the butter, brown sugar, and white sugar together. Sift together the flour, cinnamon, and baking soda; stir into the creamed mixture. Then stir in the raisin mixture, rolled oats, and nuts. 4. Drop by teaspoonful’s onto an unprepared cookie sheet. Bake for 10 minutes, or until lightly browned. Papaya Cookies Ingredients 3 cups All-purpose flour 1/8 teaspoon salt  ½ cups Papaya ripe 2 teaspoon baking powder 1 cup butter 1 egg 1 cup sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla Procedures 1. Pre-heat oven at 40F. 2. Put 1 cup butter in mixing bowl and cream until fluffy. 3. Add sugar and egg. Beat well until well-blended. 4. Add vanilla, flour and salt. 5. Beat thoroughly until smooth. 6. Drop or mold the mixture and arrange on a well-greased baking sheet. 7. Bake for 10 to 15 mins. Or until golden brown. Coconut Drops Ingredients 1 cup margarine 2 cups brown sugar, packed 2 eggs, beaten  ½ cup milk 3  ½ cup flour  ½ teaspoon salt 2 teaspoon nbaking powdert 1 cup shredded coconut Procedures 1. Cream margarine, sugar and eggs. 2. Add milk, coconut, then sifted dry ingredients. Drop by teaspoonfuls on slightly greased cookie sheet, some distance apart. 3. Bake in moderately hot oven. Banana Oatmeal Cookies Ingredients 1  ½ cup flour  ½ teaspoon salt 1 cup sugar 1 cup mashed ripe bananas  ½ teaspoon baking soda 1 egg  ½ cup chopped nuts  ½ teaspoon cinnamon 1  ¼ cup rolled nuts  ¾ cup shortening Procedures 1. Cream shortening and sugar; add egg and beat until fluffy. 2. Add bananas, nuts and oats. 3. Add sifted dry ingredients and blend. 4. Drop by teaspoonfuls some inches apart on ungreased cookie sheets. Bake in hot oven. Remove the baked cookies from pan at once. Peanut Beatles Ingredients 2 eggs 2 cups flour 2/3 cup oil 2 teaspoon baking powder 2/4 cup sugar  ½ teaspoon salt  ½ teaspoon vanilla roasted peanuts Procedures 1. Beat eggs until light and foamy; add oil, little by little, vanilla and sugar, beating continually. 2. Sift together dry ingredients and add to first mixture. 3. Drop by teaspoonfuls, some distance apart, on cookie sheet lined with wax paper. 4. Press a peanut in the middle of each cookie, sprinkle with brown sugar 5. Bake in hot oven. Pineapple Cookies Ingredients 2/3 cup margarine 4 tablespoon pineapple jam 1 cup sugar 2  ½ cup sifted flour 1 egg, beaten 1 teaspoon baking soda Procedures 1. Cream margarine, add sugar gradually, creaming until fluffy. 2. Add egg, jam, and sifted dry ingredients. 3. Drop by teaspoonfuls some inches apart on ungreased baking pan. Bake in moderate oven until golden. 4. Top cookies with bits of pineapple jam and serve. â€Å"Cakes† Orange Blossom Cake Ingredients 1 cup margarine  ½ teaspoon salt 1  ½ cup sugar 4 teaspoon baking powder 3 eggs 2/3 cup orange juice water 3 cup sifted cake flour Grated Orange Rind Procedures 1. Cream shortening and sugar until light and fluffy. 2. Add eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. 3. Add orange rind. Sift together dry ingredients and all alternately with liquid to creamed mixture. Pour into greased cake pan. Bake in a moderate oven. Pineapple Up Side down Topping: 1 firmly pack brown sugar  ½ cup butter 1 can Pineapple slices Cake: 1  ½ cup all-purpose flour 1  ¾ cup refined sugar 6 tablespoon cake flour 1 cup butter 6 tablespoon ground almonds 4 large egg 1 teaspoon baking powder  ¾ vanilla extract  ¾ cup Sour milk Procedures 1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Adjust the position of the rack to the center of the oven. Grease and flour 2 (9-inch) pans or 3 (8-inch) pans. Set aside. 2. In a large bowl, stir together the flour, baking soda, baking powder, salt, cinnamon, nutmeg, and granulated sugar. Set aside. In the bowl of a mixer, cream margarine and brown sugar on low speed, and then increase speed to medium and beat until well-combined. Gradually add the dry ingredients and beat on low speed until just incorporated. Add eggs, 1 at a time, beating well after each egg and scraping down the sides of the bowl after the addition of each egg. Add vanilla, sweet potatoes, pineapple, raisins, and walnuts and blend on low speed until thoroughly mixed. 3. Pour batter into pans and smooth the surface with a metal spatula. Bake for 1 hour to 1 hour and 10 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in center comes out clean; when you touch the center of the cake, it should spring back. Allow to cool in pans for 10 minutes, and then invert onto a rack and cool completely. 4. For icing: In the bowl of an electric mixer, beat cream cheese and butter on medium speed until smooth. Add vanilla and beat until incorporated. Gradually add sugar and beat on low speed until smooth. Icing the cake: Place 1 cake layer, top-side down, on a cake platter. Using a metal spatula, spread a layer of cream cheese frosting evenly over the top of the cake. Take the next layer and place it on top, rounded-side up. Frost the top and sides of the cake with the remaining frosting. The cake should be refrigerated for about 1 hour to make sure the layers are set. Sprinkle chopped walnuts on top of cake, if desired. Butter Squash Cake Procedures 1. In a large mixing bowl, beat eggs; gradually beat in sugar. Add squash and mix well. Combine the flour, baking soda and cinnamon; add to squash mixture and mix well. 2. Line a 15 x 10 x 1 inch baking pan with waxed paper; grease and flour the paper. Spread batter evenly into pan. Sprinkle with walnuts. Bake at 375 for 13-15 minutes or until a toothpick inserted near the center comes out clean. Cool on a wire rack for 10 minutes 3. Turn cake onto a kitchen towel dusted with confectioners sugar. Gently peel off waxed paper. Roll up cake in the towel, jelly-roll style, starting with a short side. Cool completely on wire rack. 4. In a small mixing bowl, beat cream cheese, butter, confectioners sugar and vanilla until smooth. Unroll cake; spread filling evenly over cake within 1 inch of edges. Roll up again. Cover and refrigerate for 1 hour. Just before serving, dust with confectioners sugar if desired Procedures 1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. 2. Butter and flour a 9-inch round and 3-inch deep cake pan. Line the bottom with parchment paper. Set aside. 3. Put the carrots into a large mixing bowl and set aside. 4. Put the flour, baking powder, baking soda, spices, and salt in the bowl of a food processor and process for 5 seconds. Add this mixture to the carrots and toss until they are well-coated with the flour. 5. In the bowl of the food processor combine the sugar, brown sugar, eggs, and yogurt. 6. With the processor still running drizzle in the vegetable oil. Pour this mixture into the carrot mixture and stir until just combined. Pour into the prepared cake pan and bake on the middle rack of the oven for 45 minutes. Reduce the heat to 325 degrees F and bake for another 20 minutes or until the cake reaches 205 to 210 degrees F in the center. President A company president generally works with mid to senior level managers to devise a strategic plan that will generate revenues, create new opportunities for business and help the company to remain competitive in the market place. Strong emphasis on cost management is a critical component to a company he or she represents. Vice – President Vice-president of the company takes part in directing overall business and corporation operations. The vice-president also heads programs within the company for growth, to promote and generate business. At times, depending on the size of the company the vice president handles a specific department. Board of Directors The primary responsibility of the board of directors is to protect the shareholders assets and ensure they receive a decent return on their investment. The board of directors is the highest governing authority within the management structure at any publicly traded company. It is the boards job to select, evaluate, and approve appropriate compensation for the company’s chief executive officer, evaluate the attractiveness and pay dividend, recommend stock splits, oversee share repurchase programs, approve the company’s financial statements, and recommend or strongly discourage acquisitions and mergers. Marketing Department The marketing department must act as a guide and lead the company’s other departments in developing, producing, fulfilling, and servicing products or services for their customers. Communication is vital. The marketing department typically has a better understanding of the market and customer needs, but should not act independently of product in development or customer service. Marketing should be involved, and there should be a meeting of the minds, whenever discussions are held regarding new product development o0r any costumer related function of the company. Financial Department The finance department of a firm has abroad range of roles to undertake inside and outside its business and came large responsibilities especially in fields such as â€Å"Shareholder Value† which is increasingly gaining in importance. Finance department are important for the smooth operation of the business. The most common function of the finance department comprises the documentation and the controlling of incoming and outcoming cash flows as well as the actual handling of the cash flows. Production Department The production department is the functional area and is responsible for turning inputs into finished outputs through a series of production processes. The production processes are the various stages of production that turn raw materials into finished goods. Although businesses such as bank, insurance companies and internet service providers do not supply physical goods that can be seen or held, they do have to organize their resources to meet customers’ demands as completely as possible. Human Resources Department The people who make up a company’s workforce – its human resources mare considered to be an asset to the company, just like its financial resources and material resources, such as buildings, machinery and other equipment. A company is more likely to be successful if it mangers its entire resources well, including its people. This is why many companies have human resources departments, even though those departments do not directly contribute to the company’s production services, sales or profits. Rather, effective HR departments allow and encourage the company’s employees to do their best, which in turn contributes to the success of those companies. Communication Department This department plays a key role in how investors, employees and the general public perceive a company. They often report directly to a company’s chief executive officer and serve as advisers in managing a company’s reputation. They help leaders prepare for media interviews, develop messages to deliver to investors and employees and suggest new initiatives to keep companies on the cutting edge of communication with their stakeholders.

Health In New Zealand Health And Social Care Essay

Health In New Zealand Health And Social Care Essay Health is multi factorial and is the product of reciprocal interaction between individuals and their environment. Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, including the health system (World Health Organisation, 2008). As in most countries, health in New Zealand is also distributed unequally throughout the society. This reflects that there is an uneven allocation of social determinants of health such as income, education, occupation and access to health for certain groups compared with others. This essay will examine income as one of the social determinates of health and the effect of low economic status in Maori health. Further it will discuss how the nurses can care for Maori people with inequalities in health and the importance of the government strategy developed to address Maori health concerns. Finally this essay will analyse the psychological factors associated with smoking behaviours and its consequences. Income, employment, education, housing, culture and social cohesion are the distinct social determinants which directly or indirectly influence health outcome of an individual. The people who are more vulnerable to ill heath mostly come under low income category. Income inequalities increased evidently in New Zealand between 1987 and 1991 due to unemployment. The growth in income inequalities is especially seen in Maori population (Davis Dew, 2005). Income is one of the major determinants of health, which contribute to the poor health status of Maori. Indigenous Maori have the poorest health status among any other ethnic groups in New Zealand. The median annual income of Maori in 2006 was $20900 compared to $24400 of the total population in New Zealand (McMurray Clendon, 2010). According to the New Zealand statistics 2005, the average weekly income of Maori was $471 compared to $637 of non-Maori (Robson Harris, 2007). Income and wealth are the major modifiable determinants of heal th which affect the access to healthy environment, living condition, housing, education and timely effective health care. Level of home ownership, property ownership and income producing assets are lower among Maori than non-Maori population. In addition to these, lower equivalent income levels limit the availability of the Maori families to accumulate wealth out of current income (Dew Mathewson, 2008). Compared to non-Maori, inequalities in health status and mortality are higher and increasing among Maori, with increased incidence of conditions such as coronary heart disease and higher fatality rates (McMurray Clendon, 2010). The current economic situation of the Maori and non-Maori is profoundly linked to the history of colonization of New Zealand. Besides this, economic reforms also cause loss of income from changing nature of work arrangements for Maori (Broom, 2007). The income inequalities can be also explained in terms of lower educational qualification and under representa tion of Maori workers in high profile jobs. In New Zealand society Maori are the lowest salary earners and this leads to a low socio economic status (Robson Harris, 2007). Besides this, income level can affect mental health, caring for children and family. People belonging to low economic status always struggle to care their life and childrenà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s health (Marmot Wilkinson, 2001). Being health professional, nurses have obligation to identify unfairness or inequalities in health. Nurses should work to address the underlying determinants of health and working towards to ensure equitable health and wellbeing of everyone in the society (McMurray Clendon, 2010). In order to deliver proper health care nurses have to be aware about the needs and rights of Maori (Broom, 2007). Principles of Treaty act as a model for nurses to work with Maori. Nurses should respect the cultural beliefs and deliver health services in a culturally acceptable manner (Francis et al., 2008). Nurses should work in a manner to improve the access to health, especially to those who lacks financial resources. Approaches like selecting a central location and convenient time for health services can improve access of health facilities by the low income groups. Nurses should identify vulnerable groups with low income such as unemployed, single mothers and parents with more dependent children. In or der to ensure unbiased health to low income group nurses have to educate them regarding the health facilities and their right to health irrespective of economic status. Increasing conventional services like employing of indigenous health workers and establishing indigenous programs is another nursing intervention for reorienting health service for Maori. (Mason Durie, 2003) For instance Maori can be cared better by employing more Maori nurses as they will have enhanced understanding. Improvements in Maori health status are critical, because Maori has the poorest health status among other New Zealanders. The New Zealand government identified the importance of prioritising the Maori health problems and the need to eradicate health inequalities which has a negative impact on Maori health. He Korowai Oranga is a health strategy set for Maori health development in the health and disability sector. This strategy acts as a basis for the health sector to deal with the health problems of Whanau. The focus of He Korowai Oranga is on Whanau or family wellbeing. The outcomes are mainly aimed at empowering Whanau with physical, social, mental and emotional health; enabling them to take control over their health, creating better quality of life and ensuring their active participation in New Zealand society (Francis et al., 2008). He Korowai Oranga stands on the principles such as partnership, participation and protection which are the core principles of Treaty of Waitangi. He Korowai Oranga tries to identify health inequalities among Maori people in terms of education, income, occupation and access to health health. This strategy aims at considering Maori approaches and models to health for improving Maori outcomes. Inequalities among health statuses of Maori are clearly documented in this. Nationwide population health priorities for Maoris are also enlisted in appendix 3 of this strategy. Besides this it also provide guidelines to district health board for effective assessment and monitoring of Maori health status. This strategy also has made provisions to improve Maori access to mainstream health services like public hospitals or primary health centres (Ministry of Health, 2002). Risk taking behaviours are those which affect the physical and mental health of individuals. Risk taking behaviours may include smoking, alcoholism, unsafe sexual habits, gambling and participating in dangerous activities. Tobacco is the major cause of preventable death in New Zealand. Smoking kills around 4300 to 4700 people per year, among this almost 600 are Maori (Maori Affairs Committee, 2010). Some people consider smoking as a method of channelizing their stress or escape mechanism from their stressful situation or frustrated family life. Some consider smoking as a way to get peer pleasure and to kick out their boredom (Marks, Murray, Evans Willig, 2001). Increased risk of smoking is usually seen in those who are divorced, separated or lone parents. 80-90% of smoking prevalence is seen among people who are under severe deprivation areas such as prisoners, homeless and poor (Marmot Wilkinson, 2001). Young people consider smoking as a way of developing their identity, method of relaxing tension and making peers. Parents and role models can greatly influence smoking behaviour of adolescents (McMurray Clendon, 2010). Media plays a great role in influencing people to smoke even though they advertise about the repercussions of smoking (Marks et al., 2001). The use of tobacco gives rise to many health hazards. Smoking contributes to the higher incidence of coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, reduced lung function, impaired lung growth in children and various cancers especially lung cancer. Smoking aggravates the symptoms of many other illnesses, for instance smoking can reduce fertility, increased cataract incidence, poor wound healing, and worsen peptic ulcer. Smoking during pregnancy can lead to birth complications, premature death, small gestational age and low birth weight. Passive smoking is another health risk associated with smoking. Non-smokers living with smokers have 30% increased chance of lung cancer (Maori A ffairs Committee, 2010). In brief social conditions are particularly important in determining health status of an individual. When a social environment is supportive, the person is more likely to be empowered in their health. There is a well-established evidence of relationship between income and Maori health status. Nurses can play an important role in reducing the inequalities in health. In addition to this smoking remains a major contributor to disparities in health status because this behaviour is strongly shaped by income deprivation, occupation and education.

Constructivism Theory Essay -- Education, Teachers, Wireless Computin

Theoretical Framework Dewey (1916/1997), Papert (1993/2000), Piaget (1932/1997), Bruner and Vygotsky‘s (1978/1981) social constructivism (SC) theory will support this study. The theory of SC places teachers as facilitators in an active learning setting. An active social learning setting creates opportunities to facilitate learners with actively constructing knowledge using past experiences to connect to introduced concepts and tasks (Ryu et al., 2009). This can also be applied when teachers instill the value of the learning content through connecting the subject to past experiences and real-world situations (Specht, 2009). Teachers will need to be trained to create learning activities that contain only the information they want their students to process (Johnson et al., 2009). Dewey’s (1916/1997) SC theory emphasized that teachers use the information processing approach to observe their students during the teaching-learning process. Dewey’s information processing approach also requires teachers to alter their instructional practice (Bebell & Kay, 2010). For example, Dewey’s information processing approach suggests teachers use the independent and self-regulatory design to prepare their learners for future educational endeavors. This design can facilitate a network of lifelong social learners. The past years emphasized ways societal changed from passive information consumers to producers of information and consumer who have become social content prosumers (Specht, 2009). Therefore, training to integrate one-to-one computing will focus on employing social content, enriching activities, pedagogical approaches and innovative technology knowledge with the existing curricular. On... ...man prospective to advance through constructive use of communication resources (Johnson et al., 2009). Technophobia: computer phobia, anxiety, unfavorable global attitudes, societal impact, specific negative cognitions or self-critical personal dialogues during actual computer usage or when considering future computer use (Ursavas & Karal, 2009). Wireless Computing: devices that use electromagnetic waves rather than land-based wires to carry a communication signal; examples are laptops, clickers, cell phones, iPods, and other such mobile devices, including printers and desktop that operate through wireless signals, rather than hardware technology (Skevakis, 2010). Wireless Technology: output tools such as laptops, clickers, cell phones, iPods, and other such mobile devices, including printers and desktop that operate through wireless forms (Skevakis, 2010).

The Cycle of Slavery in The Tempest Essays -- Tempest essays

The Cycle of Slavery in The Tempest  Ã‚   William Shakespeare’s The Tempest blends elements of adventure and intellectual inquiry. The plot of Shakespeare’s last work contains comedy, romance, and action enough to sustain the interest of his common audience. However, there lies beneath the eloquent language and exciting plot an intelligent political commentary. Shakespeare uses the setting of a virtually uninhabited island as an experimental testing ground for the institution of slavery. Shakespeare shows through his island experiment that subjugation, once instituted, seems to perpetuate itself. While the most automatic explanation of this cyclical nature of slavery would be to say that this political rule is continued by the subjugators, the surprising reality is that it is the victim of colonialism who continues the cycle of slavery. Caliban, the native "islander"(2.2.36), despises his condition as a slave. However, in his attempt to disrupt and overthrow the political order instituted on the island by Prosp ero, Caliban actually provides evidence of the power of slavery over both man and mind. Caliban’s initial attempt to defy Prospero’s power via a verbal curse actually gives Prospero more authority as master in that the curse acknowledges the duke’s ultimate power. Caliban begins his speech with the vengeful request that all the evil "infections"(2.2.1) under the sun "fall"(2.2.2) upon the "tyrant"(2.2.160) Prospero. While Caliban wishes for Prospero to be so harmed by sickness, the slave does not have the power to make this happen. Instead, he must request that these evils "fall"(2.2.2) of their own accord upon Prospero. Caliban’s lack of authority because of his condition as a slave is immediately contrasted to that... ...tly subjugate Trinculo. This brilliant strategic move on Caliban’s part further perpetuates the cycle of subjugation. Once again it is the victim of slavery who acts as the agent in establishing and perpetuating slavery. In trying to benefit himself by breaking free of slavery, Caliban instead benefits the very practice he so despises. Slavery exerts its power in every aspect of Caliban’s life. In his speech, in his actions, in his thoughts, and even in his attempts to break free of slavery, Caliban cannot escape the powerful effects of subjugation. Caliban does not succeed in breaking the cycle of slavery. Its power and tendency to perpetuate itself are too great. Instead, the slave’s attempt to end his servitude actually propagates rather than abolishes the practice of slavery. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. Mineloa, NY: Drover, 1999.

Habitat for Humanity: I Helped Make A Difference :: Community Service, Service Learning

Habitat for Humanity’s goal is to provide affordable homes for low†income families. This requirement surprisingly fits many of the residents of Midland and as a result needs more volunteers to help build these homes. One can assist by painting, clearing lots, aiding in the construction, and much more. I was fortunate enough to meet some of the homeowners and those in process of obtaining one. These people were so uplifting and encouraging to one another that it made my days of volunteering more enjoyable then ever imagined. Working beside them I really got to know them and learn about their situations and future goals for their families. I can recall one instance in which I met a lady who was a single mother trying to provide a better home for her daughter who had severe allergies. When the home we were building came closer to completion, I wondered if we’d place grass on the front and back yards. Continuously questioning our team leader, I finally received my answer. No. It turned out that the lady whom I mentioned earlier would sacrifice having a yard full of grass in order to help her daughter’s allergies, she would also have no carpet due to the dust. After learning of this wonderful deed for the sake of her daughter, I looked up to this woman who was truly unselfish and caring for her daughter’s well being. This home would not only be a representation of her countless hours but also an extension in the preservation of her daughter’s health. Day after day I would apply my skills in painting these homes alongside others who deeply wanted to provide the best quality in their workmanship for those that would soon be moving in. I can’t even express how many times I tried to make a straight line when outlining the frames of the windows and doors in paint. However, their desire to make things appear the best made me want to try harder. After completing a home a dedication ceremony would be held in honor of the family moving in. All that work would be expressed in a single reward, a deserving family with a new home.

A Healthy Family: Questionnaire

What types of drinks do you usually have during the day and night? I will usually have one bottle of soda half way through the day. The rest of the day is water. How often does your family seek dental care? My children and I visit the dentist every six months for a cleaning. My husband has cleanings every 3 months due to having soft teeth. How often do family members have bowel movements? Urinate? Me: Varies but once every 2-3 days Husband: Every morning after coffee Son 1: once every 1-2 days Son 2: every2-3 days Daughter: 2-3 times a dayAll except Son2, urinate every few hours throughout the day and we are able to go 8 hours at night. Son 2 has a bladder like a horse and does not urinate nearly as often. Are laxatives used in your family? Explain. We do not use stimulant laxatives very often, but on occasion Son2 will need pedialax. Mostly we just make it a point to eat a high fiber diet and drink plenty of fluids to stay regular. How does your family relax? Relaxation starts with me and my husband on one couch and the kids the other couch. During this time we are usually reading, writing, playing games or watching TV.Within an hour or two everyone migrates to the couch were my husband and I are sitting and squishes their way in. By this time I have realized that relaxation time is over and I go find something else to do. What does your family do for enjoyment? Mostly we just like to be outside keeping active. Some of our favorite activities are bike riding, hiking, baseball and hockey. When does your family generally go to bed and awaken? Do family member go to bed and awaken at different times? The children start to prepare for bed at 8:00pm by changing into Pjs brushing teeth and getting in their last glass of water or snack before bed.By 8:30pm they are in bed and they are allowed to read until they fall asleep, no more than 30 minutes though. My husband stays up until 10 and I will usually stay up until about 11:00pm. My husband gets up at 5:30am and lea ves for work at 6:30. I wake up at 6:30 and start waking the children between 6:50 and 7 am. Do any family members work at night? No Are there any hearing or visual problems that affect your family members? Both my Husband and I are near sighted. I require glasses on a daily bases, but my husband only needs them for long drives when his eyes get tired.Son2 seems to have an issue with tracking, but testing is still being done. Does pain seem to be a family problem? Explain how this is managed? Son2 and I both suffer from migraines. This is managed by taking Exedrine for me or Tylenol for him and going into a dark room to rest. Who makes the major family decisions? How? All major Family decisions are discussed between any members they involve and a decision is usually agreed upon. If a no agreement is made then it is up to me to make the decision. Describe the highest education level of all family members? Me: PN certificate Husband: Associates degreeSon1: 5th grade Son2: 1st grade Da ughter: 1st grade Describe the general mood of your family? We are generally happy and relaxed people. We like to take life as it comes and we make it a point not to stress over the little things. How does your family deal with change? Like most families there is an adjustment period whenever things change, but we all seem to handle it well. My husband and I try to keep the kids informed of any changes so they know what to expect. Explain your family responsibilities for house hold chores? Each child has a list of six chores in which they are responsible for every day.Each of their chores has a different degree of difficulty depending on their age. The chores can be small like put away your back pack, sneaker and coat when you walk into the house or bigger chores for my 10 year old would include taking out the trash or emptying the dishwasher. My husband and I fill in the gaps of what the kids missed or are not old enough to do. Explain discipline in your family. How are family memb ers rewarded? Describe any aggression or violence that occurs in your family. I am the one that disciplines the children and decides on punishments.A punishment usually includes me revoking privileges or sending them to their room for a period of time. Spankings are not out of the question in my home, but they almost never used or needed. Family members are reward with praise and on occasion a special treat like a movie night or ice cream. The only aggression or violence you will see in my home are my children fighting. I usually let them work it out, but if they are hurting each other or the argument is lasting too long I will step in. Are contraceptives used? Yes Are parents comfortable answering questions and explaining topics related to sexuality to their children?Yes I discuss these thing with my children separately because they are all different ages they require a different degree of explanation. How does your family cope with major stressors? When we are stressed we just lik e quiet time to think or relax. I often warn people when I come in the door if my day was not good and I just need a few quiet minutes to distress before being asked 100 questions. Who copes with stress the best? That would have to be my husband. He just takes everything as it is and doesn’t really let anything bother him. What does your family want from life?That’s an easy one, to be happy. We don’t have a big house or fancy cars and it is not because we could not afford them if we needed them. We have tried having both parents work full time and we had plenty of money and much nicer cars, but we were always tired and we never spent any time together. We have found that we prefer to work less, have less and spend more time together. That is what makes us happy. What rules do your family hold most important? The one rule that we hold most import in our home is to show respect to everyone. Describe what your family does to try to stay healthy.To try to stay healt hy we have a few simple rules in our house. For nutrition you must try everything on your plate before you are done eating. It does not matter if they are carrots and you know that you don’t like them, taste buds change, so maybe you will like them today. Deserts are rare in my house, but when they are offered you are not eligible for dessert unless you finish your dinner, including the vegetables. For exercise we do not have a formal routine, but we encourage outdoor activities as much and as often as possible. Television and game time is limited to one hour per day in our home and the time must be earned.The children receive a ten minute token for each chore that they complete and they can cash their tokens in after there home work has been completed. From whom does your family seek health care? When? My family seeks health care from our family doctor’s office. We receive our well care physicals each year and any immunization due at that time. We will also seek Healt h care if we have an illness that does not clear up with in a week. We have very few visits to the doctor’s office each year because most illnesses can be treated at home with rest and fluids.

Conformity Case Essay

INTRODUCTION: Ever since the first experiment on conformity was conducted by Jenness in 1932, psychologists have tried to measure conformity under various situations. Historically, conformity has been measured in numerous ways, though the most widely used methods have been behavioural observations and self reports (Scher and Thompson, 2007). While Asch’s Experiment (1951) remains the most popular work on conformity, Zimbardo (1971) and Milgrams’ (1974) work are noteworthy. AIM AND HYPOTHESIS: We wanted to find out whether undergraduate students conform to social norms or not? Also, what are the likely reasons for their behaviour? For this, we created our own experiment. However, let us define conformity and other key variables first. Kalat (2008) defines conformity as changing one’s behaviour to match other people’s behaviour or expectations. It is the dependant variable (DV) in our experiment and we gave it an operational definition. We measured DV by the subject’s correct gender identification and subsequent action of walking through the door assigned for their respective gender. This is further elaborated under the Research Method section. The independent variable (IV) in our experiment was self-monitoring attitude. We chose IV as our group believed that it is primarily high self-monitoring people are more conscious about their social image and are thus more likely to conform in general than low-self monitoring people and vice versa. The operational definition for self monitoring attitude was the score on Self-Monitoring (SM) Scale created by Mark Synder in the early 1970’s. Frayer believes that the personality test measures how much an individual would change his behaviour to suit situational cues. It has 25 questions in total and has been attached in APPENDIX 1 for your reference. The results were interpreted as high, intermediate or low score depending on how many questions the subject got corr ect using the answer key provided by lckes and Barnes (1977) attached in APPENDIX 2 for your reference. Our goal was to examine therelationship between self-monitoring attitude (IV) and   conformity (DV). We expected a positive co-relation due to our group belief mentioned above. Besides, Scher and Thompson’s (2007) experiment, which was our inspiration, had found a significant positive correlation relationship between self-monitoring and behavioural conformity. Our target population was the undergraduate students at The University of Hong Kong (HKU). However, our sample consisted of only forty HKU students composing of twenty female and twenty male students. RESEARCH METHOD: Let us elaborate on how we went about conducting our experiment. Firstly, we chose to conduct the experiment at Chi Wah composite building since many undergraduate students go there to study. Secondly, we replicated Sarah Lisbene experiment on gender conformity. Lisbene had pasted gender signs on an entrance of a building to observe whether people would conform to the gender symbols on the doors. We duplicated her gender conformity situation at the main entrance on the first floor of Chi Wah as it has precisely two doors. We stuck gender symbols on each door at the eye level right besides the door handles ‒ a male only sign on right door and a female only sign on the left door. Then, we shut both the doors at the entrance. Anyone who wanted to enter the building from this entrance was bound to read the gender sign before opening the door and thus would have to make a decision to conform, observable by his/her action of walking through the appropriate gender-marked door. Thirdly, we used simple systematic sampling method to choose our subjects. Every 10th person was invited to participate in our experiment by filling in a two paged survey. The survey was actually the SM Scale mentioned in AIM AND HYPOTHESIS section. We calculated their scores on the SM Scale by their marked responses to measure the IV and its relationship with DV. Lastly, we tried to observe participants in their natural setting. To remain unnoticeable, we dressed up in casuals and stood far away from the entrance, trying to avoid giving any additional situational cues to the participants. We wanted to prevent any bias adversely affecting our study and carefully observed the behaviour of the subjects reading the signs, recording their decision of walking through either door and then approached them, requesting to fill in the survey. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS: Though the response and the reactions from the subjects varied, a common trend in our experiment emerged. The participant would read the sign on the door when he/she approached to open the door and get confused. Then, he/she would take a step back and try to locate the other gender sign on the other door and finding one would relieve him/her and change their emotion. Then they would make a decision to walk through either door. The mean score on the SM scale was 12.1, an â€Å"Intermediate Sco re† as it falls in the band width of 9-14. It suggests that HKU undergraduates self-monitor themselves to a moderate degree on average and would be conscious of their social image. Our hypothesis would suggest that undergraduates are likely to conform to their respective gender roles. The statistics obtained from our sample were consistent with our expectations in general. In fact, 28 out of the 40 or 70% participants conformed to their respective gender role. We found a modest positive co-relation of .4049 between SM Scale and conformity. It suggests that self-monitoring attitude may lead to gender conformity. We observed two major group differences based on the data collected. The first group was divided on basis of gender while the second on their score on SM Scale. Firstly, the SM Score mean for females was slightly higher (12.2) than for men (12). The standard deviation for females (3.578) was lower compared to men (4.193) and the range for females was 4-21 and 3-18 for men. The data and statistics obtained are indicative of females conforming marginally more than males. Out of the 28 subjects that did conform, 16 or 57.1% were females and only 12 or 42.9% were males. Secondly, a score of 15-22 is high and 0-8 is low on the SM scale. Out of the 7 subjects who scored low on SM scale, only 3 or 42.9% conformed. Out of the 23 subjects who scored intermediate on SM scale, only 16 or 69.6% conformed and out of the 10 subjects who scored high on SM Scale, 9 or 90% conformed. This suggest that people who score high on the SM Scale are more likely to conform than people who score lower on the SM Scale. A third group difference, which is based on our observation of arrival of participant in a party or not can be suggested. In a group of two females and three males, a male pointed out the discrepancy at the entrance which surprised the whole group. They talked among themselves and even had a laugh, pointing at the symbols. Nonetheless, the group split up and members walked through respective doors and then rejoined once inside the building. This may suggests that people are more likely to conform if they arrive in a party consisting of both the genders. CONCLUSION From our data and observations in the experiment, we can make a few conclusions. Firstly, though HKU undergraduates are likely to conform to gender roles, females are more likely to do so. Secondly, there is a modest correlation between self-monitoring attitude and conformity, though we could not establish a direct causal relationship between the two variables. Thirdly, it seems that people who are scored higher on the SM Scale are more likely to conform to gender roles than those who scored lower on the SM Scale. Lastly, subjects are more likely to conform to gender roles when they arrive in a party consisting of both the genders. CRITICAL EVALUATION: Booker (2012) says that behavioural conformity is linked with youth happiness. Conforming behaviour enables us to create a strong social world and experience belongingness to a group, thereby facilitating social identification and security, leading to equilibrium of contentment. This suggests the importance of conforming in order to ac hieve happiness. Secondly, conforming behaviour is actually a â€Å"self-defining act† and people conform to keep their â€Å"state of peace† (Santee and Jackson, 1982). This too may explain why people conform in general. Furthermore, there is a difference in the view of conformity between both the genders ‒ men regard non-conforming behaviour as â€Å"self-image enhancing† while women regard conformity as â€Å"positive† and â€Å"self defining†. This helps explain why women are more likely than men to conform. Another plausible explanation for gender differences in conformity is given by Maslach, Santee and Wade (1987), who believe conformity is based on personality traits of men and women. Men are supposed to be â€Å"assertive† and â€Å"independent† while women are supposed to be â€Å"sensitive†. Recently, researchers from University of London (2011) have even found a mild genetic influence explaining gender conforming traits (31%) in women. According to Fraser, most people would like to maintain a positive public image and are perceptive to what people think about them. This may explain why high self-monitors who actively apply impression managem ent are more likely to conform than low self-monitors. The fear of distorting their public image or even dampening their social popularity would be a powerful incentive for high self monitors to conform. Lastly, individuals composing a group face a stronger effect of normative social influence than a collection of individuals who do not form a group (Deutsch and Gerard, 1954). This may explain why the conformity increases when subjects arrive in a party consisting of both genders. I would now like to talk about potential flaws in our experiment and some methods to improve our model. Firstly, conformity is not completely dependent on a single variable and we should have used a multi-variable regression model to estimate it instead. In our experiment, one of the omitted variables is lack of social pressure or incentive to conform. The subjects may not have sufficient incentive to walk through their gender assigned door as there was no reward or penalty in terms of social acceptance or rejection. Also, as many as 9 subjects reported that they did not notice any gender symbol and walked in using random door. None of them was suffering from any eyesight problem like colour blindness. Furthermore, Livingstone brings to light a potential confounding variable ‒ civility. Civility primarily depends on disposition of the subject, which in turn depends on parenting, school education and cultural background. We could have included all these variables in our model. Another potential flaw in experiment is not having a control group. Maybe the female lavatory near the left door favoured the female participants to walk through the left door, increasing their conforming number. Either a control group or interchanging the symbols on the doors after the first 20 subjects had filled in the survey would have removed this bias. To improve our model, we could have used better operational definitions too. The SM Scale is controversial and walking through a door marked by a sign may not be a relevant gender issue. Secondly, we could have used a larger budget and more time to improve our model. For instance, it took us four days to get permission to conduct the experiment at Chi Wah. If we had more time, we would have conducted the experiment in the Main Library and Medical Campus to get a representative sample. Increasing our sample size would have enabled us to detect micro trends and be more accurate. We could have offered subjects who refused to fill in the survey monetary compensation. Our study may have been subject to experimenter bias in spite our full effort to minimise the bias as we were expecting a positive correlation. Blinding was too expensive an option for us. PERSONAL REFLECTION: Though this experiment answered some questions, it has left me wondering about many more. If given the opportunity, I would like to conduct a few follow up experiments to seek some answers. Firstly, I would like to find out if there is any link between stress levels and gender conformity. This relationship arises from my observation that some subjects in our experiment who walked through the wrong door and also refused to fill in the survey seemed to be impatient and rude. Though there may be some other reasons behind their gender non-conformity behaviour and mood like being short on time, we cannot say for sure and will have to find out for ourselves. Also, I would like to find out if there is any threshold level for conformity? For instance, participants may refuse to conform by walking through a door in our experiment but they would probably conform while using a lavatory. If non-conformers conform if they know they would be severely rebuked for their actions, what precisely is that threshold level? The experiment also cleared my misconceptions of conducting experiments. I thought that it would be very easy to design and conduct an experiment. However, given our goal, there were so many ways of going about it that was very hard to select the best method given our resources and time constraint. Carrying out the experiment has its own fair share of struggles. I would also like to mention my experience with experimenter bias. While drafting the experiment, I was very confident that I could not be susceptible to experimenter bias. However, when we started the experiment, it was very hard not to hand out the survey to our friends and acquaintances who happened to come in through the doors but were not the 10th subject as per our systematic sampling rule. Finally, after having finished the experiment, I think it was painstakingly work involving a lot of planning and careful evaluation. Nonetheless, I had fun conducting the experiment. REFERENCES 1. Scher, N., & Thompson, T. (2007). Self-Monitoring and Conformity: A Comparison of Self-Report and Behavioral Measures. UW-L Journal of Undergraduate Research X (2007) Retrieved December 1, 2012, from http://www.uwlax.edu/urc/jur-online/PDF/2007/scher&thompson.pdf 2. Kalat, James W. (2008). Introduction to Psychology, Ninth (International) Edition. Wadsworth: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. 3. Fraser, M. â€Å"Mhaire†. Self Monitoring Notes and Resources. Retrieved December 2, 2012, from De Anza College Website: http://faculty.deanza.edu/frasermary/stories/storyReader$157 4. Montclair SocioBlog. Livingston, J. (2009). Civility or Mindless Compliance? Retrieved December 2, 2012, from http://montclairsoci.blogspot.hk/2009/07/civility-or-mindless-compliance.html 5. Booker, Karene. (2012). Youths’ well-being linked to how well they conform to gender norms Retrieved December 4, 2012, from http://www.gradschool.cornell.edu/news/youths-well-being-linked-how-well-they-conform-gender-norms 6. Santee, R.T., & Jackson, S.E. (1882). Identity Implications of Conformity: Sex Differences in Normative and Attributional Judgements. Social Psychology Quarterly, 45(2), 121-125. Retrieved from December 7, 2012, http://faculty.rhodes.edu/wetzel/223webproj/conformity%20and%20gender/ 7. Maslach, C., Santee, R. T., & Wade, C. (1987). Individuation, Gender Role, and Dissent: Personality Mediators of Situational Forces. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(6), 1088-1093. Retrieved December 7, 2012,from http://faculty.rhodes.edu/wetzel/223webproj/conformity%20and%20gender/ 8. Science Daily. Jul 9, 2011. Sexual Orientation and Gender Conforming Traits in Women Are Genetic, Study Finds Retrieved December 9, 2012, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110707173319.htm 9. Morton, Deutsch and Gerard, B. Harold. (1954). A Study of Normative and Informational Social Influences upon Individual Judgement. Research Center for Human Relations, New York University Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http://web.comhem.se/u68426711/8/deutsch55.pdf

The Medieval World View

Dametrius Sanders 003 Mrs. Pike November 26, 2012 The Medieval World View, ed. ed. Candace R. Gregory, Carey Roberts, and H. Micheal Tarver (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012) Peter von Sivers, Charles A. Desnoyers, and George B. Stow. Patterns of World History: vol. 1 : to 1600. (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012) Tammy Pike. Lecture Notes What are the cosmos and what do they represent. The Buch der Natur or the Book of Nature was written by Konrad von Magenburg depicts the cosmos as levels, steps that we have to take to reach heaven in a different way that nobody else sees it.There are so many different opinions on what the stars mean because the view of them has changed over time. So what are the stars are they just there or are they one of the levels we need to reach to enter heaven. According to Konrad Von Magenburg’s illustration of Buch der Natur is a book but he depicts the cosmos as humans on earth being the lowest level, then levels of the stars, finally the top level heaven the goals of all humans. Aristotle believes that â€Å"the earth is the center of the universe, and everything revolves around them† .This idea which is called Aristotle’s Universe was adopted by the medieval church and to challenge this view of the Universe was not merely a scientific issue; it became a theological one as well, and subjected dissenters to the considerable and not always benevolent power of the Church. So making people think that God put the earth at the center of the everything and the church being the peoples connection to God putting all the power into their hands.Ptolemy was different he added to Aristotle’s view of the universe but he calculated and researched to make his own ideas as well. Ptolemy came up with â€Å"that the heavens go in a uniform circular motion and the objects in the heavens are made from perfect material, and cannot change their intrinsic properties†. These ideas togeth er became known as the Ptolemaic Universe. He also wrote about the cosmos in his book called â€Å"Almagest† in a way Ptolemy and Aristotle had the same views and ideas about the heavens its just more scientific advances in Ptolemy's time .Even though today people don't see the cosmos as the heavens or a level to become heavenly beings we still try to discover what the stars hold. The meaning of the stars today really doesn’t mean anything to Christianity or the church. So is Konrad von Magenburg right or wrong are they a level. Is heaven right beyond them and all we have to do is pass certain tests to reach it. But the stars are something that we really want to discover but we as humans no longer think that the heavens lie beyond it.

The Welsh Health Survey Health And Social Care Essay

The study was based on a representative sample of local people populating in private families in Wales. A random sample of references from the Postcode Address File ( PAF ) was selected and the sample was stratified by local authorization. Data was collected at two degrees: family ( through a short interview with respondents ) and single ( through self-completion questionnaire ) . The consequences reflect people & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s ain apprehension of their wellness instead than a clinical appraisal of their medical status, and their ain reading of the wellness services they have used.Major Highlights of the information is given below: –Socio-economic and personal information about respondents: –Researcher has done statistical analysis of the information and has calculated mean, standard divergence of individual consecutive figure and family consecutive figure every bit good. In the lodging term of office 75.6 % respondents belong to the class of proprietor resident, 14.7 % are on societal leasing whereas merely 9.7 % are on private rental. In the above study employment informations of respondents besides taken as bulk 41.3 % are engaged in everyday and manual businesss, 35.7 % have their managerial and professional business where as 20.4 % respondents have their intermediate business and minority 2.6 % have ne'er worked and they are in long term unemployment. Among the respondents the ratio of female was high as it was 53.6 where as the ratio for male respondent was merely 46.4 % . As it was the study for grownups so 75+ old ages old respondents was being merged. The information depicts that the age group start from 16 old ages old and covers the respondents age of 75+ it covers the every age group of grownups. There was no biasness with the age. The study was non stick to the peculiar age group. Data depicts the economic position of respondents which reflects that 47.8 % are in employment, 2.2 % are unemployed and half of the entire figure i. e 50 % respondents are economically inactive. Data sing the making of respondents shows that 17.6 % are degree qualified. 54.8 % have other makings apart from degree classs whereas 27.6 % are disqualified.Health position, unwellnesss and other conditions:41.6 % reported that they are non suffered from corpulence and fleshiness where as 58.4 % which is more than half they suffered from it. Merely 2.7 % respondents reported that they had of all time stroke, 22.3 % answered that they presently being treated for high blood force per unit area, 10.7 % for asthma, 14.4 % for a respiratory unwellness, 11.4 % for other chronic unwellness, 14.8 % for arthritis, 5.5 % for seeing job, 10.7 % for a mental unwellness, 9.5 % for a bosom status, and 6.9 % for diabetes. 29.1 % of respondents reported that they are holding a restricting long-run unwellness.Health-related life style:21.9 % respondents reported that they are presently smoked. 19.9.0 % of respondents non-smokers reported being on a regular basis exposed to other people ‘s baccy smoke indoors. 8.2 % answered that they drink about every twenty-four hours. 35.4 % of grownups reported eating five or more parts of fruit and vegetables the old twenty-four hours. 29.3 % reported run intoing the guidelines for physical activity in the past hebdomad.Health service usage:17.62 % of respondents reported that they had talked to a GP about their ain wellness in the past two hebdomads where as 82.4 % respondents did non talked to a GP in past two hebdomads. 83.8 % of grownups reported that they have non attended casualty in the last 12 months whereas 16.2 % respondents have attended the same. 33.6 % of grownups reported go toing a hospital outpatient section in the past 12 months, and 9.9 % respondents answered that they have stayed in infirmary as an inmate ( nightlong or longer ) . 69.9 % of grownups reported that they have used a tooth doctor in the past 12 months, 70.1 % a druggist and 49.9 % an optician. 55.1 % respondents reported that they are taking regular prescribed medicine.Strengths of informations: –The information was really elaborate information to cognize the wellness position of people populating in Waless because it was based on holistic attack which was related to other wellness issues as good. The gathered information was unbiased. The study involves people irrespective of their age groups, local life country and gender. The study was done successful as it is utile in many ways which highlights the existent state of affairs of wellness related issues of local people. Through this findings policy shapers, research workers and other stakeholders can reexamine and supervise bing wellness policies and do new schemes and can develop new policies for their improvement. This information provides a direct engagement and demand of NHS to supply wellness attention installations to the people in their countries. The study provides an chance to do an effectual coaction among different stakeholders in civil society and local authorization so that authorities can do new schemes to filtrating the policies for people wellness well- being.Failing of informations: –Information which was collected sing restricting long term unwellness, non stipulating whether or non the unwellness was treated or non. Adult respondents were classified as holding any bosom status if they reported of all time holding been treated for a bosom onslaught or presently being treated for angina, bosom failure or ‘another bosom status ‘ . Consequences for high blood force per unit area ( high blood pressure ) are besides shown, but are normally shown individually from bosom conditions because high blood force per unit area is a hazard factor for bosom disease instead than an existent bosom status. Adult respondents were asked whether they were presently being treated for diabetes, doing no differentiation between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. If they responded positively, they were asked how their diabetes was controlled ( by injection, tablets or diet ) . Respondents were asked whether they had any trouble with their hearing, without a hearing assistance if they normally wore one. If they answered yes, they were asked about the usage and effectivity of hearing AIDSs.Analysis and reading of Datas: –The information shows that 5.5 % of grownups reported holding trouble with their seeing. Table 1.1 shows that were droop addition in the per centum who reported that they holding trouble with their seeing and these respondents are belongs to peculiarly age group of 75 old ages or over this. Besides the job of eyesight exists in particularly older adult females which could be because of age factor. Data depicts that 14.4 % of grownups reported being treated for any respiratory unwellness. Around 10.7 % of respondents reported that they are presently being treated for asthma. Table 1.2 shows that the per centum of job of respiratory unwellness is increasing by age. We can see that of entire answering adult females respondents are more being treated for a respiratory unwellness in comparing to male respondents. We can analyse from the informations that 10.7 % of grownups are being treated for mental unwellness. Among them maximal respondents are being treated for depression. If we do compare the mental unwellness from age than we can state that harmonizing to the informations mental unwellness is increasing among respondents towards the in-between age before come ining in the retirement age. Besides per centum of mental unwellness is higher among female as compared to male respondents. Data shows that figure of per centum of respondents who reported that they of all time holding been treated for a shot. We can analyse that the jobs of shot is increasing with age. In this variable besides we have found that overall Numberss of female respondents are higher in comparing to male respondents. As per the information job of arthritis is quickly turning with the age. We have analyzed that 5.5 % of grownups reported holding trouble with their hearing. Table 1.3 shows that the job of hearing exists to those who are aged 65 old ages. Besides the ratio of male respondents who have reported trouble in hearing i.e. higher than the females. Decision: – After analysis the whole information we can state that there is demand to carry on farther research studies in the same field. As this was the study based on the foregrounding the cardinal wellness issues of people in Waless. Though the study has been conducted successfully nevertheless there is demand to analyze or research the wellness facet with deepness research based on one to one detailed interviews besides the ratio and figure of instances of diseases can be compared in the last few old ages. So that the reappraisal of bing policies can be done and new schemes can border or develop for supplying the better wellness attention installations to the people.

Encounter with insects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Encounter with insects - Essay Example To help me get over my fear of insect, my father’s best friend motivated me to see Dr. Smith who happens to be an expert in treating patients with entomophobia. The worst experience I had with a weird-looking insect took place inside a hospital clinic when I decided to visit Dr. Smith one Saturday afternoon. At first, Dr. Smith was very friendly as he made me describe in words how I feel when I first encountered an insect. Obediently, I explained to Dr. Smith that I was bitten by a cockroach when I was three years of age. Since then, I would scream each time I encounter a cockroach. By the time I left his clinic, I realized that it was the worst nightmare I had encountered in all my life. Neuro-Linguistic Programming and Hypnotherapy Dr. Smith explained to me that neuro-linguistic programming combined with hypnotherapy is effective in treating fear of insect. After conducting a research study on neuro-linguistic programming, I learned that this approach to psychotherapy focuse s on analyzing the interrelated link between neurological process, language, and behavioral patterns of the patient through experiential programming (Dilts et al., 1980, p. 2). With the purpose of modifying the patient’s behavior, attitude, and emotional perception about insects, hypnotherapy uses hypnosis as a technique in making the patient able to overcome fear of insect (Havens & Walters, 2002, p. 38). To help me go through diagnostic trance, Dr. Smith instructed me to close my eyes, sit comfortably in the lazy boy chair and relax for a while. This step was necessary to keep me relax throughout the hypnotic procedure. After a while, Dr. Smith instructed me to concentrate on recalling the incident when I first saw the cockroach that bit me many years ago. While concentrating on recalling how the cockroach was fast approaching me, Dr. Smith whispered in my ears to remain quiet, wait patiently, and try to recall the unpleasant sensation I felt when the cockroach was biting m y feet. Even before proceeding to next procedure, I was not able to help but freak out and get distracted by the creepy sensation I started to feel. Therefore, Dr. Smith had no other choice but to repeat the hypnotic procedure right from the start. Carrion Beetle After the 3rd try, Dr. Smith was successful in making me overcome the creepy sensation I was receiving from trying to recall the past incidence I had with the cockroach. At that point, I was very thankful to Dr. Smith for helping me deal with my own fear. Since I was very happy and contented with the hypnotic therapy results, I was rushing my way out of Dr. Smith’s clinic so I can share the good news to my father. Even before I managed to leave the clinic, Dr. Smith called my attention and told me that the therapeutic intervention was not yet over. To ensure that I was able to effectively deal with my fear, Dr. Smith told me that I need to go through the last stage of clinical test. Dr. Smith instructed me to wait fo r him while he gets something from the laboratory room. Smiling back at him, I said â€Å"okay†. While he was out of the clinic, I was imagining how my parents would react with the good news. After a couple

Introduction to management science coursework Research Paper

Introduction to management science coursework - Research Paper Example better analysis, we have separated the data into Small debtors (250 customers owing in total $86,370) and Big debtors (30 customer owing in total $43,630). This division resulted in significant increase in correlation coefficient for both groups in comparison to the general population. Correlation coefficient values (0.780 and 0.655) indicate strong positive relationship between amount of debt and number of days. That means that customers who receive bigger amount of credit tend to pay later compared to the group's average. An average big debtor pays back later than the average small debtor (19.2 vs. 14.1 days on average). It is recommended: To implement stricter credit policy and receivables collection for high amounts of credit for each group separately (e.g. more than $500 for small debtors and more than $1,500 for big debtors); To concentrate on big debtors as, on average, they pay later and own significant amounts (less than 11% of customers owe 33.6% of the total amount of receivables). 3. 'All-For-Kids': i. Storage costs: one pack gets allocated the cost of renting 1.5/15 = 0.1 feet (10) Let S be average stock throughout the year. Then annual holding stock cost is: 0.15*2.50*365*S + 10*S = 146.9*S Storage cost constitutes 10S/146.9S = 6.8% out of total holding stock cost. ii. The quantity ordered should equal to 2S. With the optimal order schedule the cost of order-handling and shipment would offset the cost of holding one more additional day of stock: 0.15*2.50*S + (10/365)*S = 30 Solving we find S = 75. The optimal order should be 2S = 150 packs and made every three working days. iii. It has been assumed that when the new order is delivered the actual quantity on stock is zero. It is not very realistic with regard to real businesses because of demand...However, the two distinct groups in the set can be seen and, for purpose of better analysis, we have separated the data into Small debtors (250 customers owing in total $86,370) and Big debtors (30 customer owing in total $43,630). This division resulted in significant increase in correlation coefficient for both groups in comparison to the general population. Correlation coefficient values (0.780 and 0.655) indicate strong positive relationship between amount of debt and number of days. That means that customers who receive bigger amount of credit tend to pay later compared to the group's average. An average big debtor pays back later than the average small debtor (19.2 vs. 14.1 days on average). iii. It has been assumed that when the new order is delivered the actual quantity on stock is zero. It is not very realistic with regard to real businesses because of demand fluctuations and safety stock that is usually kept. Conducting the similar analysis for lower limit of every range, we see that in all cases additional costs are higher than additional savings and the store's manager should keep the order level at 150 packs.

Heritage Assessment in Health Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Heritage Assessment in Health Promotion - Essay Example Upon interviewing three families from different cultural backgrounds, it became obvious that the differences in health practices are sometimes rooted in religious beliefs, which is of course, a large part of the culture. An effective health care provider has to understand that some people from certain cultural backgrounds may be more sensitive regarding their health practices and beliefs, particularly if it has a religious basis. For example, an Orthodox Jewish woman recounted her story when she gave birth to her first child. She went through long and severe labor pains that were eased only by consistent back rubs. Her husband could not touch her because according to Orthodox Jewish beliefs, women undergoing labor are â€Å"unclean†. Her husband and the attending nurse at that time had a minor argument regarding who should continue her back rubs, with the nurse believing that the husband could help since the nurse had other patients to attend to. She also mentioned that women should only do the caring for the sick. Consequently, it is not acceptable for men to attend to women who had just given birth. Food intake is also different, as Jewish people has a specific standard for acceptable foods, making sure that everything is â€Å"Kosher† (a symbol ensuring that food is prepared in line with the Orthodox Jewish regulations). (Galanti, 2008, p.82). Another example is stated by a traditional Muslim female from Abu Dhabi. This woman mentioned that they are particular in their food intake, just like the Jews, ensuring that everything is â€Å"Halal† (a symbol ensuring that food is prepared according to Muslim law) (Galanti, 2008, p.87). This could pose a concern, for example, in determining a patient’s diet, as the medical practitioner should guarantee that the diet plan coincides with the patient’s beliefs and lifestyle. Health conditions are also referred to gender-specific doctors (male doctors for male patients and female doctors for female patients), and health care is only acceptable from same-gender caregivers. According to the interviewee, even in emergencies, some traditional Muslims could demand medical attention to be provided only under acceptable Islamic conditions. Another good example is provided by a Chinese exchange student who grew up in Mainland China. She mentioned t hat her family is very traditional when it comes to health care. HERITAGE ASSESSMENT 4 She

Marketing management- next Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing management- next - Article Example It is a British retailer marketing clothing, footwear, accessories and home products. In India the growth of retail business is at its budding stage. Organized retail business has a grasp of nearly 7% in Indian Market and there is umpteen opportunity for its development. Off late big brands and fashion houses are aiming towards the Indian market. Due to the immense cross culture factor or globalization, trends from across the globe are getting accepted by far and large. Even in India, people are getting influenced by various other cultures and the Indian crowd is happily embracing it. Apparently growth of retail business in Indian market is at its best. Under such circumstances, it would be the accurate time for Next to hit the Indian market. Even though it has three branches in India, it should start eyeing other locations in India. Not many people are aware of Next plc, so Next should keep in mind of having phenomenal launch in India. Lot of retail chains are getting established in India. Indian players like Future Group, RPG Group, reliance Retail, and global players like Wal-Mart, Metro etc are having their presence in India. Still the organized retail sector in India is not very big. Hence Next can enter into Indian market and it has lot of potential to grow with its wide product range. I have considered area of study to be clothing. There is lot of competition in apparel industry because people have started becoming more brand conscious in clothing segment. Hence it is very important to position yourself well in such an industry. B - PLC Stage PLC (Product Life Cycle) is the course of product’s sales and profits over its lifetime. It involves five distinct stages. Product Development Introduction Growth Maturity Decline Clothing is a necessity for every human being. In a country like India the scope for branded product (in clothing) is very high. India is a country which is fast developing and the purchasing power of people in India is increasing. So the share of wallet for branded apparels is surely increasing. That is the reason why all big names in the clothing segment exist in India. But the entry of these companies has happened recently and they have still not captured the market. Next in India is at introduction stage. As it has entered the Indian market recently and at the moment has only three stores in India. As far as Boston’s Matrix is concerned â€Å"next† has low market share but the market they are in has high growth. So â€Å"next† is in the question mark quadrant. C - Target Market India is one of the emerging markets and it is becoming more and more important buyer in our global economy. India has a nice percentage of world total population so if not right now, in few years, India will be one of the most important buyers in the world (sayeconomy.com). Hence it is very important to choose the right segment in Indian market to succeed. â€Å"Next† has three stores in India (Two store s at Delhi/Gurgaon and one store at Mumbai). This clearly shows that the segment they have targeted is the urban/metro segment. The purchasing power of people in these area is comparatively more than those who stay in small cities and villages. â€Å"Next† has also targeted the middle class and upper middle class. When you sell products which are luxurious item and not necessarily necessities, then an organization usually target middle class and