Themes in Education - 7729 Words

THEMES IN EDUCATION ACTION RESEARCH by Eileen Ferrance Northeast and Islands Regional Educational Laboratory At Brown University a program of The Education Alliance ACTION RESEARCH by Eileen Ferrance Northeast and Islands Regional Educational Laboratory At Brown University The LAB, a program of The Education Alliance at Brown University, is one of ten educational laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Our goals are to improve teaching and learning, advance school improvement, build capacity for reform, and develop strategic alliances with key members of the region’s education and policy making community. The LAB develops educational products and†¦show more content†¦Rather than dealing with the theoretical, action research allows practitioners to address those concerns that are closest to them, ones over which they can exhibit some influence and make change. Practitioners are responsible for making more and more decisions in the operations of schools, and they are being held publicly accountable for student achievement results. The process of action research assists educators in assessing needs, documenting the steps of inquiry, analyzing data, and making informe d decisions that can lead to desired outcomes. This booklet discusses several types of action research, its history, and a process that may be used to engage educators in action research. Two stories from the field, written by teachers about their own reflections on the process, are given as illustrations of action research. Action Research What is Action Research? Action research is a process in which participants examine their own educational practice systematically and carefully, using the techniques of research. It is based on the following assumptions: †¢ Teachers and principals work best on problems they have identified for themselves †¢ Teachers and principals become more effective when encouragedShow MoreRelatedCommon Themes Of Inclusive Education Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Discussion Findings The reviewed literature revealed several common themes regarding inclusive education. The first common theme is teacher attitudes toward inclusion. Almost all of the studies revealed that negative perspectives about inclusive education make schools that try to implement inclusive classrooms likely candidates for failure. One of the primary influencing factors of teachers’ negative perceptions is that of the teachers’ lack of confidence in their ability to teach specialRead MoreThemes Of Education In Waiting For Superman1523 Words   |  7 Pagesemotions attached with the desire for a child to receive the best education that can be offered. Dramatic change and the best education able to be offered are widely associated with charter schools throughout the film. Statistics and comparisons further aid the viewer to conceptualize the importance of charter schools and their beneficial impact on a child’s education. Metaphors are also relied on to emphasize the abi lity education has to produce a life of success or failure. Waiting for SupermanRead MoreA Discussion Of Different Themes Within Education1513 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout this assessment there is a discussion of two different themes within education. The two themes include; the analysis and discussion of; back to basics cultural restoration; and subject based/ topic based curriculum - the control of curriculum organisation. These themes are analysed by comparing and contrasting one another linking to many aspects within education including: teacher morale, educational theorists and influences such as: Social, cultural and political. Maria MontessoriRead MoreTheme Of Education In Heidi By Johanna Spyri1571 Words   |  7 PagesEducation is a key theme in Johanna Spyri’s ‘Heidi’, which is clearly presented through the publication titles of the story: ‘Heidi: her years of wandering and learning’ and ‘Heidi: how she used what she learnedâ⠂¬â„¢. Here, the education Heidi undergoes in the house is informal, which is classified as: Learnings from incidents, radio, television, films, elders, peers, and parents get classified as informal education. Informal learning helps little ones to grow and adapt to the ways and traditions ofRead More Hard Times - The Theme of Education Essay2699 Words   |  11 PagesHard Times - The Theme of Education In this piece I intend to explain how Dickens is trying to represent education in the Victorian era and how he feels about the style of teaching that is widely used during his times. I also intend to make references to how the representation of Victorian schools by Dickens compares, historically to the actual conditions in a school from the Victorian era. As soon as the book begins we are introduced to a style of teaching that is dependent only onRead Moreâ€Å"Theme of Education in Charlotte Brontes ‘Jane Eyre’†2148 Words   |  9 Pagesher search for an identity starts here and has a great impact on her. Jane Eyre provides an accurate view of education in nineteenth-century England, as seen by an 1840s educator. The course of Janes life in regard to her own education and her work in education are largely autobiographical, mirroring Charlotte Brontes own life. Janes time at Lowood corresponds to Charlottes education at a school for daughters of the clergy, which she and her sisters Maria, Elizabeth and Emily left for in 1824Read Moreâ€Å"Theme of Education in Charlotte Brontes ‘Jane Eyre’†2163 Words   |  9 Pagesher search for an identity starts here and has a great impact on her. Jane Eyre provides an accurate view of education in nineteenth-century England, as seen by an 1840s educator. The course of Janes life in regard to her own education and her work in education are largely autobiographical, mirroring Charlotte Brontes own life. Janes time at Lowood corresponds to Charlottes education at a school for daughters of the clergy, which she and her sisters Maria, Elizabeth and Emily left for in 1824Read MoreHow Does Orwell Explore the Theme of Education in Animal Farm?1413 Words   |  6 PagesOrwell Explore The Theme Of Education In Animal Farm? ‘All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others’. George Orwell writes this toward the end of his highly acclaimed allegory, Animal Farm. From this single statement we can tell quite a bit about Orwell’s views on education which he puts across strongly throughout the novel. A message I see that this statement portrays is that everyone has the right to an education but some people were getting a better education than others at theRead MoreThree Learning Themes Relevant to My Concept of Education Essay examples1939 Words   |  8 PagesIn this essay I intend to discuss three learning themes that I consider relevant to my concept of education. The themes which I have chosen to discuss in this paper are; working in small groups, working independently and working with the gifted and or talented. The first two themes represent the two types of environment which I consider individuals are required to operate within during the course of life. The third I have chosen for the reason that I have previously written on individuals with learningRead More Effects of Religious Education on Theme and Style of James Joyces The Portrait of the Artist as a3465 Words   |  14 PagesEffects of Religious Education on Theme and Style of James Joyces The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Although Joyce rejected Catholic beliefs, the influence of his early training and education is pervasive in his work. The parallels between Biblical text and The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man are abundant. As Cranly says to Stephen, It is a curious thing, do you know, how your mind is supersaturated with the religion in which you say you disbelieve (232). The novel progresses

The Forest of Good and Evil in Young Goodman Brown”by...

The Forest of Good and Evil In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the author tells a story of a man named Goodman Brow. From the beginning to the end of the story, Hawthorne uses suspense, mystery, and conflict to create an interesting journey for his protagonist, who walks through the woods at night. However, there is more in it than just the story by itself; it is full of many forms of symbolism for the character names in every part of the story. Throughout the many symbols and elements, the story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† suggests the idea that man always faces an internal conflict between good and evil, and when the wrong path is chosen, the effects of this can cause one to fill with doubt for the rest of his life. The†¦show more content†¦The mutual connection between these two characters is just not the bond between husband and wife. Rather, it shows the inner struggle that human faces to maintain religious beliefs in the face of evil. The setting also plays a significant role in showing the true meaning of this story; which takes place in a dark forest near the small town of Salem. Salem is a city where the famous Salem Witch trials take place, and at night, people are considered devil worshipers during this era. There is no doubt that Hawthorne already knows this place very well, and this is the main reason he makes this place his setting for the plot. For years and years now, forests have represented danger and darkness. They are black everywhere and there is always something that is waiting to attack; even Goodman Brown presents his fear when he walks through the woods at night and talks to himself: There may be a devilish Indian behind every tree. What if the devil himself should be at my very elbow (Hawthorne 1). In fact, he starts meeting people in the forest who are socially and religiously great people. Particularly Goody Cloyse who is a teacher of the catechism. Catechism is a schooling of the Bible in th e Christian religion. Meting these â€Å"good† people in the forest, which is the last place he would expect them to be, is an example of irony because these people turn out to be Satan worshiper’sShow MoreRelated Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Browns Apocalypse Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Browns Apocalypse      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most criticism and reflection of Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown centers on a good versus evil theme. Critics also debate interpretations of the main characters consciousness; is Brown awake or dreaming.   What is certain is that he lives and dies in pain because his belief in his righteousness isolates him from his community.   It is also certain that Hawthornes interpretation of Browns mid-lifeRead More Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1512 Words   |  7 PagesAmbiguity and Uncertainty in Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne, through the use of deceptive imagery, creates a sense of uncertainty that illuminates the theme of mans inability to operate within a framework of moral absolutism.   Within every man there is an innate difference between good and evil and Hawthornes deliberate use of ambiguity mirrors this complexity of human nature. Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, is misled by believing in the perfectibilityRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown989 Words   |  4 PagesFiction Essay In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1835 allegorical, short fiction â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† innocent, young Puritan of Salem Village, young Goodman Brown willingly leaves his wife and religion Faith and enters the dark forest, where he experiences a radical encounter that alters his ways of life. Throughout this short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Hawthorne reveals man’s inherent nature to stray and sin, due to man’s corruption of morality. Human fallibility, even that of the religious, good, pure manRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown 1175 Words   |  5 Pages1101 7 July 2017 Symbolism in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and was set during the 17th Century Puritan Era. The story was published in 1835 during the Romantic Era. Nathaniel Hawthorne was known for being the master of symbolism. His novels and short stories have been embedded with suggestion and imagination. The dense symbolism that Hawthorne writes could imply multiple interpretations. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† has quite a few themes andRead More Young Goodman Brown Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pages The main theme of the Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, â€Å" Young Goodman Brown,† is the struggle between Goodman Brown’s faith, power to resist his own evil impulses and his own doubts within him. It is a story of Young Goodman Brown’s personal conflict over his inner desires and its greater meaning conflict between good and evil in the world. The characteristics of Young Goodman Brown are similar to the life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. N athaniel Hawthorne had his own doubts about his own Puritan life and beliefsRead More Good and Evil in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay788 Words   |  4 PagesGood and Evil in Young Goodman Brown In Young Goodman Brown. Nathaniel Hawthorne considers the question of good and evil, suggesting that true evil is judging and condemning others for sin without looking at ones own sinfulness. He examines the idea that sin is part of being human and there is no escape from it. Of the many symbols he uses in this story, each has a profound meaning. They represent good and evil in the constant struggle of a young innocent man whose faith is being testedRead More How Young Goodman Brown Became Old Badman Brown Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne was a nineteenth-century American writer of the Romantic Movement. Born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1804, he was one of those rare writers who drew critical acclaim during his lifetime. Hawthorne used Salem as a setting for most of his stories, such as The Scarlet Letter, The Blithedale Romance, and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. Today, readers still appreciate Hawthornes work for its storytelling qualities and for the moral and theological questions it raises. Nathaniel HawthornesRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown By Nathaniel Hawthorne1620 Words   |  7 Pages Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work Young Goodman Brown reveals how hard it is in the revelation of the harsh realities of the society.  The society with is characterized by secrecy.   People hide behind the curtains of daily practices and a normal life despite the odd their practices. However, anxiety reveals the realities of people in the community that may come with great prices as for the Nathaniel Hawthorne’s main character Goodman Brown.  Viewing theRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will break down the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting thanRead MoreBiography of Nathaniel Hawthorne1273 Words   |  6 Pagesdark secrets forever. Raised as a Puritan, Nathaniel Hawthorne grew up with a devout family intensely immersed in religion. As he matured, Hawthorne discovered that his seemingly pious family was disturbingly flawed, a discovery that would radically change his life. In his short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Puritan family secrets aid in forming symbols of faith and evil and developing the inner complexities of his characters. Hawthorne, the sixth generation in a family of American

Bushfire Risk in Victoria

Question: Analyse bushfire risk in Victoria, Australia using the concept of sustainable development. Further to this, analyse who wins and who loses as part of the bushfire risk problem-solution. Answer: Introduction: The Bushfires imposes an important and threatful danger to the lives as well as the property. The senior management of the firm aims to reduce the dreadful threat by deploying various kinds of the risk management systems and procedures. In the city of Victoria, catastrophic losses to property and life refer the bushfires within the time span of around 20 years have ascertained the necessary requirement for a more systematic and strategic view to manage these kinds of rising problems. Bushfires exhibits temporal and the spatial patterns of the resulting and the occurrence losses (March Rijal, 2014). The variable factors like aspect, slope, fuel characteristics, ignition patterns, and the fire weather, these all seriousness and in a major manner contribute to the overall danger which is posed by the bushfire. The main necessity of such a kind of approach is the basic means of the quantifying bushfire factor of risk and also its acute response to the conditions which are fast changing, that also includes the changes which result from the actions and the efforts of the management (Prober, Lunt, Thiele, 2008). The authorities of the Fire management aim to reduce the dangers of various systems and the strategies and are also aimed to minimise dangers from a number of procedures, resource allocations, reduction burns, and also the process of educating the community. For the purpose to implement such strategies in an effective manner, a comprehensive risk-management process has also been employed (BUXTON, HAYNES, MERCER, BUTT, 2010). The risk by the bushfire analysis is a significant part of this implemented and aimed strategy, here it aims not just to determine the extent of risk which has been involved in this process, but is also associated with the study of the quantifying the risk as a whole, so that the managers of the firm management may make and take various and appropriate steps and decisions so as to tackle the alarming situation at an early stage. Sincere steps are always required so as to give a stop to the risks which are fast growing, along with the factors with whose help the stoppage be implied (Price Bradstock, 2012). Analyse bushfire risk in Victoria As the improvements of the data technology and quality arise, the risk concerned significant questions become very complicated and more complex plus also very much multi-faceted; so the risk by the bushfire analysis process is always and ever evolving. For instance, the fire managers are continuously and increasing taking steps and making efforts for the spatiotemporal knowledge and information which shall be available in the close-real-time. In the city of Victoria, the catastrophic property and life losses which happen due to the major bushfires in recent years or the past decade seriously has emphasised the emergency requirement to set up a more systematic and strategic approach so as to manage such fires. It also has been clearly illustrated in the Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission of 2009, which states the devastating fires which came out as on 7 February 2009 and is termed as the of Black Saturday (Blanchi et al., 2014). The main requirement to reach such an approach is the basic means of the quantifying bushfire risk that is compulsory so as to be able to calculate the alterations which result from the actions of the management. Bushfire database analysing and scalability The Bushfire risk is complex to calculate as it mainly depends on upon the happening of the future expected or unexpected events, which may happen at any place and at any time, and also its occurrence may be too small or may be at times too large as well. Merely waiting for such kinds of events to happen is very late to assist in the determining of such kinds of actions and strategies which are of significant nature or are very effective and the managers of the bushfire risk are to handle very difficult and complex task to perform and also to predict (Handmer ONeill, 2016). The outcome of the results of the PHOENIX Company Rapid-fire runs is completely loaded with an acute spatially-enabled management database system which stands for the DBMS to work so as to facilitate the data organization and also the analysis. This DBMS also carefully make sure that the DELWP gets the proper access and also the ability to use so many which may also reach to millions of the data points, and to prepare the analysis content and products in a much repeatable and consistent fashion. Most importantly and significantly, the DBMS provides the required capability so as to easily "dice and slice" the data with the help of many of the dimensions, and also, in particular, to conclude and summarise it as per the various geographic boundaries (Gibson, Bradstock, Penman, Keith, Driscoll, 2015). It enables the DELWP to make and produce the residual risk profiles at so many of the scales, from the topmost statewide down to the bushfire and the risk landscapes plus the DELWP regions further to the municipal localities and the local bodies. Risk profiling: By making up of the modified scenario which relates to the risk models for each and every year of the history which has been recorded back in the year of 1980, the DELWP is also able or empowered to construct such a kind of chart of the residual risk which is capable of changing with the change of time. It has been referred to as an important residual profile of risk. This kind of the trend donates the manner how the potential kind of the results of the bushfires all across the circumference and the landscape has altered over the time according to the various types of the mosaic of the fuel-reduced experiences existed with each passage of the year (Beringer, 2000). The DELWP has the ability to project the future levels of the residual dangers and the risks, by carefully modeling the outcomes of the planned burn activities that have been planned for the coming 3 next years. Such expected risk trends, however, do not include in itself the main effects of the bushfires which may happen or outcome in these three years, and thus, they represent only the major effect which is planned to burn on the human land might have in the reduction of the bushfire risk. The risk scenarios and the profiles allow the DELWP to commence the tracking that how the bushfire risk has with the passage of time altered in the times of the past and how this has been altering as an outcome of the present bushfire management activities (Gott, 2005). Thus, the DELWP can very well compare the main effectiveness of the various regimes of the bushfire management. The analysis system and the fire modeling which produces the profiles of the risk are required to be viewed as a starting or the foundation which may be built so as to improve the quantification of the risk of the bushfire as well as the application to the fire management. The coming investment, expansion, and the validation which concerns the system's capabilities shall enhance its value for sure. So, many of the other available analysis products are pretty possible (ONeill Handmer, 2012). The main Code of the Practice for the Bushfire Management on the human land requires the working management of the bushfire danger to the ecological as well as the other values plus the sub-models which quantify the effects of the bushfire on such values are not at all sufficiently developed and advanced so as to be incorporated and fitted into the present model (Atkinson, Chladil, Janssen, Lucieer, 2010). Yet, as is discussed by the money (2005), these kinds of the values need the integration t o grow and develop in a real quantitative risk management and assessment process. Who Wins and Who losses as part of the bushfire risk problem-solution: This volatile occurrence of the bushfires, it is hard to quantify the damages or the risk which is caused by it. But with the development of such system and adoption of such system by the DELWP, which allows the assessment and the stimulation of many of the probable bushfires, without waiting for the occurrence of the reals bush fires. This development of the new system in the control of the bushfires has greatly affected the 59%of the victorial population out of this 4 % of the population resides in the peri- urban areas which is expected to grow almost by the 28 % in the year 2031 (Marquez Marquez, 2015). The DEPI is very fast and eagerly actively investing in the developing metrics so as to calculate the ecological kinds of the resilience and so many of the other ecosystem and concerned services, and also considering the assets which remain apart from the address points, that includes the critical economic and the infrastructure plus the social assets. By calculating and collecting the integrated risk modeling along with the advancements refer the bushfire planning, science, operational and the policy operational bushfire measures and the management, the force of the DEPI is also providing the evidentiary base so as to assist in informing the decision-making (Marquez Marquez, 2015). The main process system can be utilized to let to know the management decisions all regarding the how and where to carefully concentrate on the management activities, like the planned burning, give the best available and most effective decline refer the potential impacts of the main bushfires on the prop erty and also the life prospects. With the help of the major objectives of the Code of Practice for Bushfire Management on Public Land, DELWP has managed the risk of the bushfire for the values such an of the industry, human life, environment and the economy (Miller Ager, 2013). Such a systems are developed which will help in the incorporation of the ecological values, with refining the technical capabilities and the value impact models. Conclusion The impact of the bushfire on the life of the humans is not modelled directly. The bushfire had the great impact on the properties. Such plans and strategies are developed by the bushfire management, within the responsibilities of the DEPIS which includes the prevention of the bushfire, response, recovery and the preparedness (Gibson, Bradstock, Penman, Keith, Driscoll, 2015). The fire management of the bushfire has won to control the risk of the bushfire, with the development of the strategies of the fuel management, which effectively reduces the risk of the bushfire with the management of the fuels of the bushfire. The bush fire is controlled with the plan of the landscape scale which helps to identify the important assets, which also includes the environmental, infrastructure and the economic assets. The management of the bushfire has now made the local resident aware, as from where the fires are likely to come and where their report in relation to this stands. The Bushfire puts a deep impact on the human life is not at all modelled straight way or directly. But, the spread plus the impact of the bushfires refer theproperty which is the built assets is modelled, and this impact is considered to be a proxy for the impact of bushfire on the life of the human beings. References Atkinson, D., Chladil, M., Janssen, V., Lucieer, A. (2010). Implementation of quantitative bushfire risk analysis in a GIS environment.International Journal Of Wildland Fire,19(5), 649. Beringer, J. (2000). Community fire safety at the urban/rural interface: The bushfire risk.Fire Safety Journal,35(1), 1-23. Blanchi, R., Leonard, J., Haynes, K., Opie, K., James, M., Oliveira, F. (2014). Environmental circumstances surrounding bushfire fatalities in Australia 19012011.Environmental Science Policy,37, 192-203. Bradstock, R., Cary, G., Davies, I., Lindenmayer, D., Price, O., Williams, R. (2012). Wildfires, fuel treatment and risk mitigation in Australian eucalypt forests: Insights from landscape-scale simulation.Journal Of Environmental Management,105, 66-75. BUXTON, M., HAYNES, R., MERCER, D., BUTT, A. (2010). Vulnerability to Bushfire Risk at Melbourne's Urban Fringe: The Failure of Regulatory Land Use Planning.Geographical Research,49(1), 1-12. Gibson, R., Bradstock, R., Penman, T., Keith, D., Driscoll, D. (2015). Climatic, vegetation and edaphic influences on the probability of fire across mediterranean woodlands of south-eastern Australia.Journal Of Biogeography,42(9), 1750-1760. Gott, B. (2005). Aboriginal fire management in south-eastern Australia: aims and frequency.Journal Of Biogeography,32(7), 1203-1208. Handmer, J. ONeill, S. (2016). Examining bushfire policy in action: Preparedness and behaviour in the 2009 Black Saturday fires.Environmental Science Policy,63, 55-62. March, A. Rijal, Y. (2014). Reducing Bushfire Risk by Planning and Design: A Professional Focus.Planning Practice Research,30(1), 33-53. Marquez, M. Marquez, L. (2015). Bushfire risk mitigation program by Victoria's Department of Education and Training.IJDSRM,6(2), 169. Miller, C. Ager, A. (2013). A review of recent advances in risk analysis for wildfire management.International Journal Of Wildland Fire,22(1), 1. ONeill, S. Handmer, J. (2012). Responding to bushfire risk: the need for transformative adaptation.Environ. Res. Lett.,7(1), 014018.

Memory Management in Operating Systems free essay sample

Memory management in multiple operating systems An operating system is responsible for assigning memory to processes so that processes can be executed. Broadly, this responsibility is defined as memory management, and operating systems handle memory management differently. Any operating system must do two things in order to handle memory effectively. First, an operating system must be able to allocate and free physical memory. Second, an operating system must have techniques in place to keep track of the location of programs in physical memory. Examples of the ways different operating systems handle memory management can be seen by evaluating the Linux and the Windows 7 operating systems. In order to keep track of the locations of programs in physical memory, the Linux operating system employs virtual memory techniques. â€Å"The Linux virtual memory system is responsible for maintaining the address space visible to each process. It creates pages of virtual memory on demand and manages loading those pages from disk and swapping them back out to disk as required. We will write a custom essay sample on Memory Management in Operating Systems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Silberschatz, 2009, p. 823) It is evident that Linux uses a paging strategy with its virtual memory technique. When the Linux operating system attempts to execute a program, the operating system will not directly access the program from physical memory. Instead, it will access a table of virtual memory addresses that keeps track of physical memory locations. This virtual memory address will then reference the physical memory location of a program so that it can be placed for execution in the CPU. The allocation of physical memory varies depending on the architecture of a computer, but with the Linux operating system, â€Å"the primary physical-memory manager in the Linux kernel is the page allocator. (Silberschatz, 2009, p. 820) The page allocator carries the responsibility of dynamically freeing and allocating all physical memory. The page allocator is a primary tool of all memory subsystems used in the Linux operating system. Of these subsystems, â€Å"the most important are the virtual memory system†¦, the kmalloc() variable-length allocator; the slab allocator, used for allocating memory for kernel data structures; and the page cache, used for caching pages belong to files. † (Silberschatz, 2009, p. 821) In Windows, â€Å"the memory manager implements virtual memory, provides a core set of services such as memory mapped files, copy-on-write memory, large memory support, and underlying support for the cache manager. † (Microsoft, 2012) Windows employs virtual memory techniques in a similar way to the Linux operating system. It also uses a process of file mapping in order to keep track of the location of files in physical memory. Virtual memory addresses are tracked in memory and have pointers that reference the physical location of a process on disk. In order to allocate and free memory, Windows uses a variety of different methods instead of a one-size fits all page allocator like Linux. Each method has different advantages and disadvantages and utilizes different memory management subsystems, the details of which are discussed in Microsoft documentation. These advantages and disadvantages are important for developers. The methods are CoTaskMemAlloc(), GlobalAlloc(), HeapAlloc(), LocalAlloc(), malloc(), new(), and VirtualAlloc(). There are a myriad of memory management techniques, and Windows and Linux, two major operating systems, employ techniques that share similarities but also have differences. According to Abraham Silberschatz (2009), â€Å"the memory-management algorithms [used by operating systems] vary from a primitive bare-machine approach to paging and segmentation strategies.